What does the term "solute" refer to in a solution?

The term "solute" specifically refers to the substance that is dissolved in a solution. In the context of a solution, the solute interacts with the solvent, which is typically the liquid part of the solution, to create a homogeneous mixture. For example, when salt is dissolved in water, salt is the solute, while water is the solvent. The solute can be a solid, liquid, or gas, but it is characterized by its ability to disperse at the molecular or ionic level within the solvent.

Understanding the role of a solute is important in various physiological contexts, such as regulating fluid balance in the body, where different solutes contribute to osmotic pressure and overall cell function. Knowing the definition and role of solutes helps in understanding various biological processes, such as nutrient transport and drug solubility.